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206 lines
8.1 KiB
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206 lines
8.1 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Raspberry Pi Zero USB Ethernet/RNDIS Gadget troubleshooting
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author: peter
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date: 2024-07-23 05:43:32 +0800
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categories: [Blogging] # Blogging | Electronics | Programming | Mechanical | SelfHosting
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tags: [getting started] # systems | embedded | rf | microwave | electronics | solidworks | automation | tip
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# image: assets/img/2024-07-23-Raspberry-Pi-Zero-US/preview.png
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---
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This is a VERY messy guide outlining my struggles to get raspberry pi zero W USB Ethernet/RNDIS Gadget working on Windows with a shared internet connection.
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## TL;DR:
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- Download the ACER RNDIS driver
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- Add the drivers to the boot
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- Set a static IP address and set this in your host operating system's network manager
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- When sharing network, add some stuff to the `/etc/network/interfaces` file and most importantly **NEVER USE WSL** to connect to the pi since wsl has issues with internet connection sharing (ICS) on windows.
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- Don't use bookworm, just use bullseye? **For this guide I'm using bullseye since I gave up on bookworm**
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## `/boot/config.txt`
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Add this to the end of `/boot/config.txt`
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```ini
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[all]
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dtoverlay=dwc2,dr_mode=peripheral
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```
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## `/boot/cmdline.txt`
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Add `modules-load=dwc2,g_ether` after `rootwait`. Not sure if the order matters, but this is what my cmdline looks like with the modification.
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```bash
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console=serial0,115200 console=tty1 root=PARTUUID=$UID rootfstype=ext4 fsck.repair=yes rootwait modules-load=dwc2,g_ether cfg80211.ieee80211_regdom=AU
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```
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**Reboot the pi**
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## RPI shows up as USB COM port/Serial device in device manager
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Right click the device > update driver > browse my computer for drivers
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Select the folder containing the **unzipped** [ACER RNDIS driver](https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.aspx?q=usb%5Cvid_0525%26pid_a4a2). You may use 7-zip to unzip catalog files.
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Download the driver [here](https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.aspx?q=usb%5Cvid_0525%26pid_a4a2)
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Then the device should show up as an RNDIS Gadget device instead of the serial device.
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Reload the `g_ether` module (see next part)
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## Tip: command to re-enumerate the device without unplugging and replugging
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This unloads and reloads the `g_ether` driver which makes the gadget renumerate (at least on windows).
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```bash
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sudo modprobe -r g_ether && sleep 3 && sudo modprobe g_ether
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```
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## Cannot resolve hostname, status is Media Disconnected in `ipconfig`
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Example `ipconfig` output:
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```
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Ethernet adapter Ethernet 4:
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Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected
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Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
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Description . . . . . . . . . . . : USB Ethernet/RNDIS Gadget
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Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 11-22-33-44-55-66
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DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes
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Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes
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```
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You'll need to go through the steps of setting the static IP address
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Follow this [adafruit tutorial](https://learn.adafruit.com/turning-your-raspberry-pi-zero-into-a-usb-gadget/ethernet-gadget)
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TLDR of the adafruit tutorial:
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1. Add this to the end of `/etc/dhcpcd.conf` (Avoid changing `/etc/network/interfaces` which is old)
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(Change the address/gateway as required)
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```
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interface usb0
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static ip_address=192.168.0.15/24
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static routers=192.168.0.1
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static domain_name_servers=1.1.1.1
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```
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2. Reload `g_ether` module as described earlier
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3. Follow steps in the adafruit tutorial to configure the network in network and sharing center.
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Right click RNDIS network adapter in network and sharing center > properties > select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) > properties
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Set to "use the following ip address" and put the gateway address (`192.168.7.1`) for **BOTH IP address AND default gateway**, use a mask of 255.255.255.0
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## SSH
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SSH to the address (in this example 192.168.7.**2**, NOT the gateway address 192.168.7.**1**)
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```bash
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ssh pi@192.168.7.2
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```
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## Share your network adapter
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Without sharing having the usb ethernet gadget connected seems to disconnect the pi from the internet, even if the wifi is enabled.
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Not sure if this is required since I tested this after I caught the WSL error (see below), but I added the following lines `/etc/network/interfaces` as per the adafruit guide:
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```
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auto lo usb0
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iface lo inet loopback
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iface eth0 inet manual
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allow-hotplug wlan0
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iface wlan0 inet manual
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wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
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allow-hotplug wlan1
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iface wlan1 inet manual
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wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
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allow-hotplug usb0
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iface usb0 inet manual
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```
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You need to share your main network adapter, for example a wifi card with the ethernet gadget adapter. Double-click your main adapter (ethernet or wifi card for example) > properties > sharing
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Check "Allow other network users to connect ..." then select the adapter for the raspberry pi. You do not need to check the box allowing the adapter to take control of the host adapter.
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Press OK and confirm.
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⚠ Note that I changed the PI's IP address to match the local network (192.168.137.1). If you need to change the IP address you will get a dialog box when you confirm network sharing. For example, I got a dialog stating an IP address of 192.168.137.1, so change the PI's IP address to something like 192.168.137.135. Don't forget to update the static IPs.
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Now when you ssh into the pi from cmd.exe (NOT FROM WSL: See below), you should be able to access the internet.
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```
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C:\Users\Peter>ssh peter@192.168.137.135
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The authenticity of host '192.168.137.135 (192.168.137.135)' can't be established.
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-- ✂ snip --
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peter@raspberrypi:~ $ ls
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peter@raspberrypi:~ $ ping google.com
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PING google.com (ADDRESS2) 56(84) bytes of data.
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64 bytes from ADDRESS1 (ADDRESS2): icmp_seq=1 ttl=56 time=50.9 ms
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64 bytes from ADDRESS1 (ADDRESS2): icmp_seq=2 ttl=56 time=50.8 ms
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64 bytes from ADDRESS1 (ADDRESS2): icmp_seq=3 ttl=56 time=49.9 ms
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^C
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--- google.com ping statistics ---
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3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2004ms
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rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 49.909/50.530/50.855/0.439 ms
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```
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### ⚠ IMPORTANT NOTE ON WSL1/2 and `Destination Host Unreachable` error:
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DO NOT USE WSL to connect to the device, internet connection sharing (ICS) seems to break WSL networking resulting in any attempts to ping devices on the network failing (example errors for searchability)
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This appears to be related to this [github issue](https://github.com/microsoft/WSL/issues/8428)
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Example of me trying to ping the device over wifi
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```
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[13:08:21] peter@MACHINE : ~ (master)
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$ ssh peter@10.1.1.124
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ssh: connect to host 10.1.1.124 port 22: No route to host
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[13:08:58] peter@MACHINE : ~ (master)
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$ ping 10.1.1.124
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PING 10.1.1.124 (10.1.1.124) 56(84) bytes of data.
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From HOST icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable
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From HOST icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable
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^C
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--- 10.1.1.124 ping statistics ---
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7 packets transmitted, 0 received, +2 errors, 100% packet loss, time 6218ms
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```
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Example of me trying to ping the ethernet gadget directly
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```
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[13:07:20] peter@MACHINE : ~ (master)
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$ ssh peter@192.168.137.135
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ssh: connect to host 192.168.137.135 port 22: No route to host
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[13:08:07] peter@MACHINE : ~ (master)
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$ ping 192.168.137.135
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PING 192.168.137.135 (192.168.137.135) 56(84) bytes of data.
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From HOST icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable
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From HOST icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable
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^C
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--- 192.168.137.135 ping statistics ---
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9 packets transmitted, 0 received, +2 errors, 100% packet loss, time 8283ms
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```
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## It still doesn't work
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I originally used debian bookworm lite as my OS, but looks like there are still a lot of issues specifically with the ethernet gadget and I never got it to work (In my case, while I could ping the pi I could never ssh into it, it appeared that the packets were never being recevied by the pi according to the `sshd` logs).
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In the end I just switched to bullseye and everything worked fine.
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## Other notes
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- I ran this command `sudo systemctl enable getty@ttyGS0.service` in desperation on the bullseye OS installation, but I'm not sure if this is required for SSH access. This was from a random section in the [USB ethernet guide](https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?t=306121) and appears to be for enabling the `screen` command to work properly, so probably not necessary for SSH.
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